CH1+notes

** Overview of Today’s Special Education  ** ** Chapter Objectives  ** After studying this chapter, you should be able to: ·  Describe students who are in special education and the professionals that work with them. ·  Identify and define the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ·  Articulate other federal laws that benefit students with disabilities. ·  Explain the outcomes these laws have helped achieve for students.
 * Chapter 1 **

=__ Profile of Special Education Students and Personnel in Today’s Schools __= =__ Overview of the Law and Special Education __=
 * Over 6 million infants, young children, and students ages 6-21 have disabilities and benefit from sp education.
 * Approx. 2/3 of special education students are male.
 * Students who are gifted and talented represent 6.4% of the schools’ enrolled students.
 * Slightly more than 2.3 of all students with disabilities are classified into the categories of specific learning disabilities and speech or language impairments.
 * Language sensitivity is important along with nearly all professionals; we recommend the use of people first language.
 * There are shortages of teachers and related service personnel.
 * The preludes to today’s federal special education law was the school desegregation case: (Brown) and 2 cases requiring schools to educate students with disabilities.
 * The federal law, enacted in 1975 and reauthorized in 2004, is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
 * There are 12 categories of disabilities for children ages 6-21.
 * The law benefits infants and toddles (Part C) and students ages 6-21 (part B).

__ IDEA: 6 Principles __
=__ No Child Left Behind Act and Other Federal Laws __=
 * 1) Zero reject, a rule against exclusion
 * 2) Nondiscriminatory evaluation, a rule of fair assessments
 * 3) Appropriate education, a rule of individualized benefit.
 * 4) Least restrictive placement, a presumption in favor of placement in general education programs.
 * 5) Procedural due process, a rule of fair dealing and accountability.
 * 6) Parent and student participation, a rule of shared decision making.
 * The first four principles are inputs into a student’s education.
 * The last two are accountability techniques.
 * Federal funding of special education supplements state and local funding.

// NCLB has six principles //

 * 1) Accountability for results, a rule for enhanced student academic outcomes.
 * 2) Teacher quality, a rule to improve teacher credentials
 * 3) Scientifically based methods of teaching, a rule to increase the delivery of research based instruction
 * 4) School safety, a rule to keep schools safe and drug free
 * 5) Local flexibility, a rule to increase local decision-making.
 * 6) Parental choice, a rule to provide options to parents to transfer their child
 * The rehabilitation act provides for work training, especially supported employment.
 * The Tech Act makes assistive technology available statewide in each state.
 * The Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibit discrimination solely on the basis of disability in wide range of services both in and outside school.